Mayelana nomqondo wengilazi
Ingilazi, yayibizwa nangokuthi uLiuli eChina lasendulo.Izinhlamvu zesiShayina zesiJapane zimelelwa ngengilazi.Kuyinto eqinile ebonakala esobala eyenza uhlaka lwenethiwekhi oluqhubekayo lapho luncibilika.Ngesikhathi sokupholisa, i-viscosity ikhula kancane kancane futhi ibe lukhuni ngaphandle kwe-crystallization.Ukwakheka kwengilazi ye-chemical oxide evamile yi-Na2O•CaO•6SiO2, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko i-silicon dioxide.
Ingilazi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali endaweni yansuku zonke futhi ayihlangani nezinto eziphilayo, ngakho iguquguquka kakhulu.Ingilazi ngokuvamile ayincibiliki ku-asidi (ngaphandle: i-hydrofluoric acid iphendulana nengilazi yenze i-SiF4, eholela ekugqwaleni kwengilazi), kodwa iyancibilika kuma-alkali aqinile, njenge-cesium hydroxide.Inqubo yokukhiqiza iwukuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ezihlukaniswe kahle futhi zizipholise ngokushesha.I-molecule ngayinye ayinaso isikhathi esanele sokwenza amakristalu ukuze akhe ingilazi.Ingilazi iqinile ezingeni lokushisa elilingana negumbi.Kuyinto entekenteke enobunzima be-Mohs obungu-6.5.
Umlando wengilazi
Ingilazi ekuqaleni yatholwa kusukela ekuqinisweni kwamadwala ane-asidi akhishwa ezintaba-mlilo.Ngaphambi kuka-3700 BC, abaseGibhithe lasendulo babekwazi ukwenza imihlobiso yengilazi kanye ne-glassware elula.Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ingilazi enemibala kuphela.Ngaphambi kuka-1000 BC, i-China yakha ingilazi engenambala.
Ngekhulu le-12 AD, ingilazi yokuhweba yokushintshana yavela futhi yaqala ukuba yizimboni.Ngekhulu le-18, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukisa izibonakude, kwakhiqizwa ingilazi ebonakalayo.Ngo-1873, iBelgium yahola ekukhiqizeni ingilazi eyisicaba.Ngo-1906, i-United States yakha umshini wokuhola ingilazi oyisicaba.Ngo-1959, Inkampani YaseBrithani ye-Pilkington Glass yamemezela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi inqubo yokwenza iflothi yengilazi eyisicaba yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, okwakuwuguquko enqubweni yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwe-grooved.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngokusungulwa kwezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengilazi enkulu, ingilazi yokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ziye zaphuma ngokulandelana.Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ingilazi isibe enye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukukhiqizwa, nesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-21-2021